The ongoing conflicts  in  Iraq,  Libya,  Syria and  Yemen  have impacted  women  and  girls in specific  complex  ways.  The  increasing  violence  accompanied  with  lack  of  respect  for International  Humanitarian  Law  and  human  rights  norms  resulted  in  dire  humanitarian need,  failure  of  the  rule  of  law,  and  significant  proliferation  of  arms,  impacting  women  and girls  gravely  and  disproportionately.   Nevertheless,  women  across  the  Middle  East  and  North  Africa  have  responded  to  the evolving  and  unpredictable  situations  in  innovative  and  courageous  ways,  ranging  from monitoring  and  documenting  human  rights  violations,  assessing  and  responding  to  the needs  of  women  including  survivors  of  violence,  campaigning  for  inclusive  peaceful resolution  of  the  conflict,  and  fighting  for  active  participation  of  women  in  all  levels  of decision  making  including  in  peace  processes.